踏板
pedal
踏板（Pedal）是指钢琴下面用足踩的踏板而言。它是钢琴中除键盘外最重要的配件。1711年意大利乐器制造家克理斯多佛利（Bartolommeo Cristofori）在改造钢琴时发明的。主要分为三个部分。（其中最常用的是延音踏板）
Pedal refers to the pedal under the piano that you step on with your feet. It is the most important accessory in piano besides keyboard. It was invented by Bartolommeo Cristofori, an Italian musical instrument maker, in 1711 when he reformed the piano. It is mainly divided into three parts. (the most commonly used is the sustain pedal)
延音踏板（Damper Pedal）：右踏板，也叫做延音踏板，又叫共鸣踏板。是英国人布劳马（John Broadwood）于1783年发明，通常是钢琴下最右内侧的踏板，也有书上称之为“增音器”，当延音踏板被压时下，平时压在弦上的制音器（Damper）立即扬起。使所有的琴弦延续震动，将踏板放开后，所有的制音器又全部压在琴弦上制止发音。由于按下制音踏板会使琴声在一定程度上扩大，故又称强音踏板（Loud Pedal）。
Damper pedal: the right pedal, also known as the sustain pedal, also known as the resonance pedal. It was invented by John Broadwood, an Englishman, in 1783. It is usually the inner most right pedal under the piano. It is also called "amplifier" in some books. When the sustain pedal is depressed, the damper usually pressed on the string will be raised immediately. Make all strings continue to vibrate. When the pedal is released, all the dampers are pressed on the strings to stop the sound. It is also called loud pedal because it will enlarge the sound of the piano to a certain extent by pressing the brake pedal.
柔音踏板（Soft Pedal）：左踏板，也叫做弱音踏板（ulna cord）。在平台式钢琴里，踩下柔音踏板时，琴槌会立刻向旁推移，使音量减少，并使声音变得非常清纯、柔和。而立式钢琴，踩下柔音踏板时，琴槌移近琴弦，藉以减轻冲力，减少打击的长度与强度，使音量变小。它的作用就不仅是帮助演奏者弹得更弱，也是为了增加声音的柔和，并除掉音质中任何敲击的成分。左踏板往往被比作“旋乐演奏者的弱音器”。
Soft pedal: the left pedal, also known as the ulna cord. In the platform piano, when you step on the soft pedal, the mallet will immediately move aside, reducing the volume and making the sound very pure and soft. On the vertical piano, when stepping on the soft pedal, the mallet moves closer to the string, so as to reduce the impact, reduce the length and intensity of the blow, and reduce the volume. Its function is not only to help the player play weaker, but also to increase the softness of the sound and eliminate any percussion components in the sound quality. The left pedal is often compared to "the Ambler of a rotary player".
消音踏板（Sostenuto Pedal）：中踏板、选择延长音踏板（sostenuto）。具有特殊性能的踏板。三角钢琴中间踏板的用途是“特定连音踏板”，用法是先弹下琴键并保持，踩下“特定延音踏板”不放，刚才所弹键会继续延音，其他键不受影响。大部分现代立式钢琴的中间踏板被踩下时，一块活动的绒布会夹在琴槌和琴弦之间，使音量变得极低。通常只使用于夜间或清晨弹奏钢琴之时，以免惊扰邻居的安宁。所以有时候也称为也有称之为倍弱音踏板。
Sostenuto pedal: middle pedal, sostenuto. Pedal with special performance. The purpose of the middle pedal of the grand piano is "special continuous pedal". The usage is to first play the key and keep it, and step on the "specific sustain pedal". The key just played will continue to sustain the tone, and other keys will not be affected. When the middle pedal of most modern upright pianos is depressed, a movable flannel will be sandwiched between the hammer and the string, making the volume extremely low. Usually only used at night or in the morning when playing the piano, so as not to disturb the peace of neighbors. So sometimes it is also called double weak pedal.
调音钉
Tuning pin
调音钉（Tuning Pins）是一些能够用特制扳手扭动旋转的钉状螺栓。它的旋床是有锁口的特制高碳钢，因而琴弦能牢固地绕在弦轴钉上，致使音准在琴弦高强度拉力作用下能长期保持并稳定下来。
Tuning pins are some pin like bolts that can be turned with a special wrench. Its rotating bed is made of special high carbon steel with lock mouth, so the string can be firmly wound on the spindle pin, so that the intonation can be maintained and stabilized for a long time under the high tensile force of the string.
琴槌
Hammers
琴槌（Hammer）外包着高品质的毛毡或绒布，由于这层“皮肤”多是羊毛造的，因而又称羊毛槌。它本身连着琴键，当琴键被按下时，琴槌便会打落琴弦上并借着琴弦的振动使钢琴发出声音。因此，它的作用是用来敲击被调音钉紧扣着的琴弦。
Hammers are wrapped with high quality felt or flannel. Because this layer of "skin" is mostly made of wool, it is also called wool mallet. When the key is pressed, the mallet will drop the string and make the piano sound by the vibration of the string. Therefore, its function is to strike the strings which are tightly fastened by tuning pins.
制音器
Sound brake
制音器（Damper）制音器是与弦紧贴着，用来阻止弦的震动。例如当钢琴上的琴键被按下时，钢琴内部的琴槌会打在一条条用铜制造的琴弦上，借着琴弦的震动发出声音。
The damper is attached to the string to stop the vibration of the string. For example, when the key on the piano is pressed, the hammer inside the piano will hit the strings made of copper and make sound by the vibration of the strings.
击弦机
Renner
击弦机（Action）击弦机连接着琴键和琴槌，是整部钢琴的灵魂和最重要的配件。
Action is the soul of the whole piano and the most important accessory.
音板
Sound board
音板（Soundboard）音板位于钢琴内部的一块大木板，高档钢琴用枫树实木板拼成，现代低端普及琴有用密度板。它连着调音钉，紧贴着琴弦，当琴弦振动，音板会使声波高效率耦合到空气中，即将声音透过响板反射以及扩大出来。
Soundboard sound board is located in a large board inside the piano. High grade piano is made of maple solid wood board. Density board is used for modern low-end popular piano. When the strings vibrate, the soundboard will make sound waves efficiently coupled into the air, that is, the sound reflected and expanded through the soundboard.
琴键
keys
琴键（Keyboard）整个琴键都是由黑键和白键组合而成。黑键36个，白键52个，共88个。部分钢琴不同。
The whole keyboard is composed of black and white keys. There were 36 black bonds and 52 white bonds, totally 88. Some pianos are different.